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j`N@G sAgmyt s#b#Nm @Y mKq?

What really happened to the League of Nations

@DD @n~RW
2002 s#Pw#MbR 20

pNwyN @ls q h#N@vn v&`p`k sM@Mw vW pW r# rckyN arK gW aA\y wrM L shgw X`gyK, a#mk` m`[& kl`v smNw vn Qmy h` sq`c`rmy ˭ m l, @n`m#w. o@G @h~ a#y@G @|; ktWw vN@N, mhjn mwy @w~N mt, @n`mg y#mt h` a#Smt av\& krn nr#mWv@Y, cAv`@V, aq&`@V, mh` [n vNqn`@V h` S@v~Wwmv`q@Y m`nvW m``vN npw` sMp`qny m. rhS oW EjN l sh @Q\p`ln h` sAgw bl sAS}`vl @k`@d~vl n iw` sp h` |v`sy sb>w` mN wmN h` b# n mK n# aд`hkyN h` rN sw @mm Qgl@y~ p`lk p#l#N@Y rg p#r y av\&w`, c`rk r$p`k`ryN bvt pvRwny kr. sWwNm, Qgk @@[R&mWX`v@Y K;nyN @pNM krn awr, jn`p h` up jn`p a#v pp`ln@Y [`n QglyN@G s#k sw l& g@q (Ev` s`pr` y` @ls nM @mN o vl) eqrV @m l` r# gnn`vK m k#p kr a# V @y~RK tMS @p~L k^GmN v# v&c`ryN pyK q pv. e@hW k^GmN k# @p@nN@N o v#NnN ewrM m lX s` m pm. @b`@h~ @sN s#l kl, a#mk` vWpWvl r# y lbN@N g` h` vAk wKkyN .

@mm k`\yt Ww vN@N, a#mk` m`[& kl`@V a\N m asNn QglyN awN @k@n vn @j~RJ eF. L N yn lv I@Y @v`NtN @p~ST pl r# y. vsr phkt a`sNn k`lyK S@S, L ek prm l[Rmykt k#p @gn a# awr E sMbN[@yN o q`k v# n#w: enM, [nvW p#l#N@Y av\&w` a`rK;` m. oN @v@vN kr a# @Svy s>h` o a# wrM w&`g lb` a#w - L mhw` mh [nv@w bvt pWv a#w.

a q#N @j~RJ- L@G r# y s#@kN ms` bl. ey g` pNwyN awr jny Jj`vK vn a#mk` ar`j&v`q@Y y`vN KKw kr s>h` @eh`k s`q^\&yN ڍphrny m b> qnK @lst pmnK q#Ky h# y. a`N h` vWpW, sq`M @SN nm#, a`mky`t, e@r a#mk` Q[yK s>h` wRkyK @ls, 1938 C w`n&y h` Nsy TlR i@Y kl ytW m ek @S @y`q`gNn` bv - C TlR@G SvX`vy mwkyt nAvn @Q\p`ln h#m @pNM kr lbN@N a#mk` ar`j&v` n`ykyN N vW - @l~k sm`jv` @vB ad@Y m$w pl yK mN sthN @kr#. (yvNn: " pp`lnyt Q[y av\&y" www.wsws.org/sinhala/2002/oct2002/iraq-o15.shtml)

py sy l , v^W m`[& l nv @eh`k s`q^\&yK - j`N@G sAgmy b> - @y`q` @gn @B. eKsW j`N@G mh` mNdly i@Y kl wm kw`v l jn`p ey s>hN kl t em @Wm`vt a`N@V bm l#. eKsW j`N@G sA[`ny ir`kyt e@r a#mk`@V Q[y pN g`L @n` n @h`W j`N@G sAgmy @mN ey q as`R}kWvyt pW v a#w# anr# a#< y. wm s`q^\&y b> sSwr`Wmk s`[n sw sn`} mN @mm k`\y oP mt o uWs`h q#r#@V n#w. @n`v#l#Ky h# @ls m, L mhw`, em a @g_rvy ih`s ;&y` - eKsW jnpq@Y jn`p - kw` k@L mK g#n q yn vg p#h# @M vgm wm`t pvr`@gn a#w.

"ir`ky l , eKsW j`N@G sA[`nyt wm a#y`v h v a#w." y@vN L mhw` uq`rM @ls y` . "@s`@G iw`y em rt a`mny kl h` eKsW j`N@G Rvg`y` j`N@G sAgmy, j`w&Nwr pRy`y @M a`ywnyK @ls y` @m l` y [vjXAgy oP kl, 1935 oK@w~br@Y i@y~y`v h#N@Y em n."

wm r# @M ot sh`y vn pR@Y;kyN hq`vK L mhw` yt@W . e@hW oN j`N@G sAgmy b> rL q#mK lb` gNn` @ls ot avv`q k@L nM, o ot vd` @h`N @Svy kl` y h#v . qWw h` @eh`k sNqRXy b> mn` av[`nyK swv, b#r#M @ls pK;`vt lK k@L nM, 1935 QN eKsW jnpqyt e@rv . yLlt m }m@yN mwkyt ng` gw W@W, eKsW jnpqy q`k j`N@G sAgmyt @n` b# bv. jn`p D@r~ LsN sAgmy ӵm s @sSsN @p`lxv` g#@M k y`kl`pyK i kl a@y vW, eKsW jnpq @s@nT sX`v ey ӵmt N pnw K@p k@L y. @mm K@py, sAgm@Y @Q\p`ln pqn@M pvWn` q ar`j&v` @l~k pQ[yk y}`R}yN l a`@Vk q k Rvlw`vK av[`rny k@L y. enM, wmN@G anXvy j`k av\&w` @ls slkn @m`n yM @h~ @qyK j`w&Nwr EkmyK s>h` ytW m s [`n [np blykt bl @M \k& myK eyt @n`m#m.

1929 @v~L @Y kd` v#m smg a#r @l~k a`Rk aRqy 1930 gnNvl Vr w yt@W, j`N@G sAgmy [`n r`j& blyN awr v# smny kl @n`h# g#M @H @k`t @gn > v#. 1931 Swv` y`vK y yn lq QyK (qKn m#Ny` My @Svyt ayW m`Rgyk @k`tsK n`\ m) m#Ny`v aWpW krg#mt WwK @ls jp`n ty N d#h#gW kl, ny eyt m#hW vn @ls j`N@G sAgm@yN iLl` yW, jp`ny, ny q @M vgM uLlA{ny kr a# bvt s`vq& @ls wRk krN, y m#hWM K@p k@L y.

@s [`n ar`j& bl@y~ q, @|;@yN m w`n&y h` Nsy (j`N@G sAgm@Y s`m`ky @n` nW eKsW jnpqy q), @mm avS}`@V ar`j& jp`ny ˚ m vnt r# @qyK @ls s#l@V n#w. ey Q[yt y`@M a`n@yN n w`K rt v` mh` blyk av\&w` s^vm blp$mt lKvN@N n# nM, j`N@G sAgmy, Rvl aR[-w rtK smg wmN k#m a`k`rykt g@q @mN wvW [`n ar`j& rtK nvw`@M q`nmk @n` @Y y.1

q#N a i@y~y`v b>v slk` bl. 1935 oK@w~br@Y , iw`y N em ak` rtt kl kt a`mny, em q\ky avs`ny vn t L-pm`n @l~k Q[yk mt @k`N@Q q`nM kl, ar`j&v` hkWvy h` M@LCcWvy b> wvW qnK y.

t mm@Y ݓv @y`q`@gn y aRq-Sw wNy nRvny @M arn u@qs` a``q`yk @s` @y~g kl iw`@Y @mm a`mny, w`n&y h` Nsy ryt pN t N am#y @n` @N nM, kl @n` h#v . bRn@Y n` wN@Y vd` wRjn`Wmk ar`j&v` a`yNt e@rv @s`@G sh`y n`g#mt a@PK;`@vN E vn tW Ns h` w`n& a`N, n#@gnr ak`v l @s`@G al`;yN h'v mW k@L y. a#y`v iw` a`rKw @Q\yK bvt kv pvRwny krg#m b>v w`n&y h` Nsy r#Q[Wvy @n` p`n bvt @s`t p#h# a#<mK l#. 

e@hW @s`t av\& @Y tmy ytWkrg#m. o@G a`mny Nsy h` w`n&y smg o@G sb>w` a`wyt lKk@Ly. oN r#Q[ @Y a``q`yky`@G @X_k eLlyNt @n` v, Ev` aWpW krg#m s o @y`q`@gn myNt y. iw`y, Svy p`R|v@yN. av[`rny k@L, "@mm |ny iw`@Y rn`Wmk av\&w`vNt blp`n h` ert a`rK;`v h` sX&Wvy sMbN[@yN k v#qgWkmK qrn @hN" i@y~y`v l wmNt y# h#@<n On$m y`m`RgyK g#@M ay wmNt a# bv. 

iw`@Y a`mnyt abl @M Svy y`kl`py a`vrny krg#mt uWkv w`n&y h` Nsy, j`N@G sAgmy mN i@y~y` a`mny @hl` q#@M aR}rw @y~jn`vK q`nM k@Ly. e@hW, @mm blrw @hl`q#m y`m`RgyK bvt pvRwny mt vK @n` @kr#. E i@y~y`@V Sv`nWvy a`rK;` @M s#b$ av\&w`vK ek [`n ar`j& blykt @h~ @n` b#. i@y~y`@V n`yk @h@l @sl ar`j&y`, j`N@G sAgmyt @\~cy @ls a`y`cn` krN, "a\y mry a a`[ aw @w`g Rm`ny krg#@M h#y`v eyt lb` a# l&, k`Rk h` w`K;k sMpW wmN sNwk@y pvn, yn 42kt ak Svv#yNt n`ykWvy @qn a`NvK sh a@nK aN, a`[ rw, sMpW rw, yn 12k Svv#yN sw d` j`yK awr @k@rn asm`n Q[yk .... " sh`y @qn @ls iLl` @Y y. 

w`n& h` Ns ar`j&v`q@Y kr# upkrnyK j`N@G sAgmy, i@y~y`@V sh`yt s#ly yvrK gW@W n#w. ey amw kl a\y w a`Rk sMb`[kvlt pv`, @s`@G t yNny r>` p#v iw`yt @kr# @wL apnynvlt whA p#nm a#lW @n` . iw`yt @wL s#p [`n rt mK q? aN kvr vW @n` v, i@y~y` Q[y l iw`yt @kr# y @wL apnyn @qn kl eKsW jnpqy.2

Rvl h` u_n-sAvRw rtvL j`w&Nwr y g#m K@p m s`, j`N@G sAgmy "> v#@N" n#w. E @vvt, ey > v#@N, Svy av\&w` hx` y`@M cNdWvy K@p krn @lst [`n ar`j& blvnt bl @M myK eyt @n`m# m krn @k`t@gn y. 

1935 QN@gN s`q^\&yK Rm`ny kr gN@N nM, i@y~y`@V y`kl`py i kr lbN@N ir`ky . iw`@Y y`kl`py i kr lbN@N eKsW jnpqy . e@Sm eAglNw@Y h` Ns@Y y`kl`py i kr lbN@N . . . hyt m eAglNwy h` Nsy N m y.

L mhw`n, o@B ih`s p`dm aqt epmn.

sthN

1. a#mk` ih`s yM @klR m#Ny`vt kl jpN a`mny sMbN[ ar`j&v` c`ry g#n sAKPw v`Rw`vK spy. o s>hN krn p, eKsW jnpq r`j& @qp`Rw@MNv, "@v~Nt$N p`lny yt@W p#v n@Y vn` @s @Q\ smg p#v a#mk` @vl> g@q h` em @p@qS l a#mk` a`@y~jn a@@[R&yt pW @M @vwk gtm @yq` g. jp`nyt @kr# a#mk` @l~p`k v& apnyn 1930 gnNvl i k`l pC@Cqy r`m b`[`vN @w`rv aNdv y." w`n& ar`j&v`q@Y h#m a[mWv@yN It a @n` y. "w`n&@Y j`k av\&w`vNt @|; v#qgWkmK @n` qrn @Q\yN jp`ny ivW mt uWs`h m mN, jp`ny rsk krg#@M avq`nm q#m sMbN[@yN mh` w`n&y @pNM k@L, ItW vd` a n#y`v. lNdn@Y smhr l[`, @h`A @k`A t AgPr#v qKv` q @qst , a`Rk h` @l~p`k aR}yN w`n&@Y imhW uWkw`vt lK n#@gnr a`y` kl`py @vN @y~jnvW apsrnyK @ls, ur# nyt @kr# @t~@y`@V v#@dn t m#hWm s`qr@yN g#mt pv` yvr g. m#Ny` Qy r`m, n#@gnr a`y`v b> w`n& @vw l a`pw&y qr#@V, smSw kl`py m v`j h` @l~p`k av\&w`vN@G a#AG@l~-jp`n @Q\ bvt @bq` g#@M a@n&`n& vs@yN w^PmW ek<w`vkt p#@M al`;y." [The twentieth Century World : An International History (vn yv@S @l~ky: j`w&Nwr ih`syK) V @y~RK sh oKSfRD, 1966, 233 v.]

2. @klR, 151 v.

aq`l @vnW

pp`lnyt Q[y av\&
2002 oK@w~bR 15

ir`kyt e@r eKsW jnpq Q[yt r#Q[v!
ar`j&v`qyt e@r j`w&Nwr v&`p`ryK @g`d ng!
2002 s#Pw#MbR 16


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World Socialist Web Site
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Copyright 1998-99
World Socialist Web Site
All rights reserved