WSWS: G¬ùõè‹

Dave Van Ronk, folk and blues artist, dead at 65

By Fred Mazelis
14 February 2002

Hóð™òñ£ù ¹Ùv ñŸÁ‹ ç«ð£‚ ð£ìè˜, AŸø£Kv† ñŸÁ‹ ð£ìô£CKò¼ñ£ù «ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ, ºœ÷‰î‡´ (Colon) ¹ŸÁ«ï£Œè£è êˆFóCA„¬ê ªêŒòŠð†´ Í¡Áñ£îƒèO¡ H¡ù˜ ªðŠóõK 10 Ü¡Á ñóíñ¬ì‰î£˜.

ܪñK‚è£M½‹ àôªèƒA½I¼‰¶‹ ï¡ñFŠ¬ð»‹, â‡íŸø óCè˜è¬÷»‹ ñŸÁ‹ MCPè¬÷»‹ Þˆ¶¬øJô£ù Üõó¶ 40 õ¼ìŠ ðòíˆF™ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ªðŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£˜. Üõó¶ ºî™ "Ü™ð‹" Folkways Records ÞŸè£è 1959 Þ™ ðFõ£ù¶, Þî¬ùˆ ªî£ì˜‰¶ Þó‡´ ìC‚°‹ «ñô£ù¬õ ªõOò£Aù. Üõ˜ î¡ õ£›¬èJ¡ º®¾õ¬ó îò£KŠH¬ù»‹ èŸHˆî¬ô»‹ ªî£ì˜‰î£˜.

õ£¡ ªó£ƒA¡ Þ¬êJ¡ ð£E (Style ) Þô°õ£è õ¬èŠð´ˆîîòî¡Á. Þõó¶ º¡ùò è¬÷Š 𣘂AI숶, 1950 èO™ Þõ˜ Fùº‹ GÎ «ò£˜‚ ïèK™ ü£v ñ¡øƒèÀ‚° (Jazz clubs) ªê¡Á Coleman Hawkins ñŸÁ‹ Jimmy Rushing «ð£¡øõ˜è¬÷ ê‰Fˆ¶õˆî è£ôƒèO™ Þõ˜  ªê™õ£‚°„ ªê½ˆFò õ†ìƒèO™ ü£v è¬ôëù£è ܬö‚èŠð†ì£˜. ܈¶ì¡ Þõ˜ ¹Ùv Þ¬ê‚ èôë˜èOù™ I辋 ªê™õ£‚° ªê½ˆîŠð†®¼‰î£˜, Blind Lemon Jefferson ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò º¡«ù£®è÷¶ Ü®Šð¬ì Þ¬êèO¡ (Classics) îù¶ ªê£‰î ðFŠ¹è¬÷Š ðF¾ªêŒî£˜. Þõó¶ ðE ⊪𣿶‹ ܪñK‚è Þ¬êJ¡ (êƒWîˆF¡) «õ˜èœ âù â¬õ ܬö‚èŠð†´ õ¼Aùøù«õ£ ÜõŸP¬ùJ†ì ݘõˆF¬ù»‹ Ý›‰î ð®ŠH¬ù¬ò»‹ °Pˆ¶ G¡ø¶.

åªìŸø£ ñŸÁ‹ ªðŸ Yè˜ (Odetta and Pete Seeger) «ð£¡ø Hóð™òñ£ù ð¬ìŠð£÷˜è¬÷»‹, ܈¶ì¡ Üõó¶ êñè£ôˆîõ˜è¬÷»‹ ñŸÁ‹ Þ÷‹ Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜è÷£ù --IèŠ Hóð™òñ£ù Bob Dylan «ñ½‹ Jack Elliott, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, Joni Mitchell, Janis Ian, Christine Lavin, Suzanne Vega ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ðô¬ó»‹ ÜP‰F¼‰î¶ì¡ Üõ˜èÀì¡ «ê˜‰¶ ðEò£ŸP»I¼‰î£˜. Dylan 1961 Þ™ îù¶ 20 õ¶ õòF™ GΫò£˜A¡ Al¡M„ M«ô„²‚° õ‰î H¡ùó£ù ñ£îƒèO™ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ õ¡ ªó£ƒ ñŸÁ‹ Üõó¶ ñ¬ùM»ì¡ îƒAJ¼‰î£˜. õ£¡ ªó£ƒ Üõó¶ 25 õ¶ õòF™ AŸø£˜ õ£ˆFòˆF™ Üõó¶ ¸†ðƒèOù£½‹ ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ðô õNèOÛì£è¾‹ Þ÷‹ Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜èœ ñˆFJ™ ªê™õ£‚° ªðŸP¼‰î¶ì¡, Bertolt Brecht [«ü˜ñ£Qò ï£ìè£CKò˜] ñŸÁ‹ Hªó…² symbolist èMë˜èÀ¬ìòõŸ¬ø»‹ èŸðF™ ݘõºŸP¼‰î£˜.

Üõ˜ Seeger, Peter, Paul, Mary ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ç«ð£‚-Þ¬êŠ ð£ìè˜èÀì¡ «ê˜‰¶ ðEò£ŸP»‹ «ê˜ˆ¶ ñF‚èŠð†´‹ Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹, Üõó¶ ðE ã«î£ å¼ õ¬èJ™ «õÁð†ì¶‹, ðó‰î¶‹ ñŸÁ‹ ðô õ¬èJô£ù¶ñ£°‹. Þõó¶ Þ¬êŠð¬ìŠ¹èœ Louis Armstrong, Leonard Cohen, Randy Newman ñŸÁ‹ Rev. Gary Davis «ð£¡ø ¹Ùv Þ¬ê‚ è¬ôë˜èO¡ ð¬ìŠ¹èÀì¡ åŠ¹«ï£‚èˆî‚è¬õò£°‹. Þõ˜ ü£v, ¹Ùv, ç«ð£‚ ñŸÁ‹ ´Š¹ø Þ¬êèOL¼‰¶ Üõ˜ «ñ½‹ ÜHM¼ˆF ªêŒî£˜.

New York Times Þ™ ªð£Š Þ¬ê Mñ˜êè˜ Jon Pareles õ£¡ ªó£ƒAŸè£ù Üõó¶ Ü…êL‚ °PŠH™, "õóô£ŸP¡ à혬ñ ñŸÁ‹ ï¬è„²¬õ à혬õ ªè£‡®¼‰î¶ì¡, êè Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜èœ Þõ˜ å¼ ªè£¬ì â¡ð¬î à혉èœ" âù ⿶A¡ø£˜. Þ¶ ꉫîèˆFŸ° ÞìñŸø à‡¬ñò£°‹, «ñ½‹ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ÝJó‚èí‚è£ù Üõó¶ ê裂èOù£™ «ïC‚èŠð†ì£˜ â¡Á ÃP¡ ܶ I¬èò£è£¶, Þ¶ Üõ¬ó «ï£Œ õ£›M¡ ÞÁF‚° Þ†´„ ªê¡ø«ïóˆF™ Üõ¼‚°‚ A¬ìˆF¼‰î 膴‚èìƒè£î ÝîóMù£™ â´ˆ¶‚裆ìŠð†ì¶.

õóô£ŸP¡ à혬ñ»‹ ܶ âƒA¼‰¶ õ‰îî¶ â¡ð¶‹, âšõ£ø£J‹, G„êòñ£è ªîO¾ð´ˆîŠðì«õ‡´‹. õ£¡ ªó£ƒ Üõó¶ º¿õ¶ñ£ù õ£›‚¬è‚è£ôˆF™ ªî£Nô£÷ õ˜‚èˆ¶ì¡ Þùƒè£íŠð´õ¶ì¡ ºîô£Oˆ¶õˆF¡ ªõÁ‚èˆî‚è ²ó‡ì¬ô»‹ ܈¶ì¡ «ê£êLêˆF¡ eî£ù ÝîóM¬ù»‹ ªõOŠð´ˆFù£˜. Üõó¶ Þ÷‹ Hó£òˆF™ Üõ˜ Üó£üè-ªî£NŸêƒèõ£î (Anarcho-syndicalism) 輈¶èOù£™ èõóŠð†®¼‰î£˜, H¡ 1960 èO¡ Ýó‹ðˆF™ Üõ˜ †ªó£†vAê ÝŒ¾èÀì‹ º¡«ù£‚°ì‹ îù¶ àì¡ð£†¬ì ªõOJ†®¼‰î£˜. ܪñK‚è «ê£êLê êñˆ¶õ‚ è†CJù¶ º¡«ù£®ò£ù ªî£Nô£÷˜ èöèˆF™ (Workers League) Þ¬í‰î¶ì¡ 1960èO¡ ÞÁFõ¬ó Þˆªî£ì˜H¬ùŠ «ðEõ‰î£˜. 1998 «ñ ñ£î‹ õ£¡ ªó£¡‚ WSWS Þ¡ è¬ôJò™ ÝCKò˜ «ìM† «õ£™w àì¡ c‡ì¶‹ ðó‰î¶ñ£ù«î£˜ èô‰¶¬óò£ìL™ èô‰¶ªè£‡ì£˜. [«ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ àì¡ æ˜ èô‰¶¬óò£ì™]

õ£¡ ªó£ƒ îù¶ Þ÷¬ñŠ ð¼õˆF™ õEè èŠðL™ ðEò£ŸPù£˜. Ü«î«õ¬÷ Al¡M„ M«ô„C½œ÷ õ£Sƒì¡ 궂èˆF¡ ð‚è‹ ÜFè‹ ªê¡Á õ‰î£˜, ÜŠªð£¿¶î£¡ 1960 Þ¡ Ýó‹ðˆFL¼‰¶ ï´Šð°F õ¬óJô£ù è£ôŠð°FJ™ ïL¾ŸÁŠ«ð£ù ç«ð£‚ ñÁñô˜„C Þò‚è‹ â¿„Cªðøˆ ªî£ìƒAJ¼‰î¶. Gaslight ñŸÁ‹ Folk City «ð£¡ø Hóð™òñ£ù ñ¡øƒèO½‹ Üõ˜ ð£®ù£˜, ܬõ ÜóƒA½¼‰¶ ñ¬øõ c‡ìè£ô‹ H®ˆî¶. Üõó¶ Ýó‹ðè£ô ðF¾èÀ‹ Üóƒ«èŸøƒèÀ‹ Üõ˜ Þ ªðK¶‹ îè¬ñ õ£Œ‰îõ˜ â¡ð¬î ªîO¾ð´ˆFù. "Cocaine Blues," "You’re a Good Old Wagon," "He Was a Friend of Mine," "Stackerlee" ñŸÁ‹ "House of the Rising Sun" â¡ð¬õ àœ÷ìƒèô£è ï¡° ÜPòŠð†ì Üõó¶ ð£ì™èœ ñŸÁ‹ Interpretations èO™ ÜFèñ£ù¬õ 1960 èOL¼‰«î ªõOò£Aù.

Ü‚ªè£vF‚ (Acoustic) Þ¬ê ñŸÁ‹ ç«ð£‚ ñÁñô˜„C 1960èO¡ HŸð°FJ½‹ 1970 èO½‹ i›„C‚° ªê¡ø¶‹, õ£¡ ªó£ƒ îù¶ ðE»ì¡ Þî¬ù ެ툶‚ ªè£‡ì£˜. Üõ˜ 弫𣶋 îù¶ ¹è¿‚è£è«õ£ Ü™ô¶ îù¶ ªê™õ‹ ꣘‰î ïô¡èÀ‚è£è«õ£ è´è÷¾‹ Ü‚è¬ø ªè£‡®¼‚èM™¬ô. Üõ˜ 1970 èO¡ ï´Šð°FJ™ æ˜ °ÁAò è£ô‹ ެꈶ¬ø «õ¬ôè¬÷ ¬èM†®¼‰î«ð£F½‹ H¡ù˜ å¼ õ¼ìˆF™ ÜŠðE‚°ˆ F¼‹Hù£˜, Üõó¶ õ£›ï£œ ð¬ìŠ¹‚èO¡ º‚Aòñ£ù ð°FJ¬ù 弫𣶋 îœO¬õˆ¶Mì º®ò£¶. «ñ½‹ îù¶ è¬ôˆFø¬ù ÜHM¼ˆF ªêŒò Üõ˜ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê¡ø£˜, Üõ˜ ê£î£óíñ£è îù¶ ð¬öò «õ¬ôè¬÷ e‡´‹ ªêŒ¶ªè£‡«ì£ Ü™ô¶ ÜõŸP¬ù e‡´‹ ¹ì‹«ð£†´‚ªè£‡«ì£ Þ¼‚èM™¬ô. Üõ˜ îù¶ ðE‚° ¹Fò«î£˜ Üè¡ø ð£¬î ܬñˆî£˜, Üõó¶ ܵ°º¬ø H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶õ¼‹ ñ£íõ î¬ôº¬øJù¼‚° AŸø£˜ Þ¬êJ¬ù ðJŸÁMŠð ºŸÁ º¿õ¶‹ Þ¬êõ£ùõŸP¬ù  G¡ø¶.

õ£¡ ªó£ƒA¡ è¬ìC Ü™ðñ£ù "ÞQ¬ñ»‹ à‡¬ñ»‹" ("Sweet and Lowdown") å¼ õ¼ìˆFŸ° º¡ùó£è«õ ªõOò£AJ¼‰î¶. Üõ˜ «ï£»Á‹ õ¬óJ™ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ²ŸÁŠðòíƒè¬÷ «ñŸªè£‡ì£˜,  Ìó£è¾‹ Üõ˜ èöèƒèO½‹ ñŸÁ‹ «îmóèƒèO½‹ ð¬öò ñŸÁ‹ ¹Fò 𣘬õò£÷˜ º¡Q¬ôJ™ ð£®ù£˜, ܈¶ì¡ èùì£ ñŸÁ‹ ä«ó£Šð£MŸ°‹ ªê¡Áõ‰î£˜.

õ£¡ ªó£ƒ eî£ù ñFŠ¹‹ «ï꺋 Üõ˜ ²èiùºŸP¼‰î«ð£¶ ªð¼ñ÷M™ ªõOŠð†ì¶. Üõ˜ àì™ïôñŸÁ Þ¼‰î«ð£¶ Üõ¼‚è£è ÜFè â‡E‚¬èJô£ù GFf†´ è„«êKèœ ï죈îŠð†ìù. èì‰î ïõ‹ð˜ ñ£îˆF™ Arlo Guthrie, Tom Paxton ñŸÁ‹ Peter, Paul ñŸÁ‹ Mary GΫò£˜A¡ Bottom Line Þ™ îñ¶ ï‡ð¼‚è£è GF «êèK‚°‹ è„«êK ï죈Fù˜.

Üî¡ º¡ùó£è, 1997 ®ê‹ðK™ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ܪñK‚è Þ¬êðFõ£÷˜èœ, ð¬ìŠð£÷˜èœ, ñŸÁ‹ ªõOf†ì£÷˜èœ êƒè‹ Üî£õ¶ ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) ÜOˆî õ£›¬è‚è£ô «ê¬õ‚è£ù M¼¬î (Lifetime Achievement Award) ªðŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£˜. ܉«ïóˆF™ M¼¶õöƒ°‹ G蛄C¬ò î¬ô¬ñA ï죈Fò Christine Lavin â¡ðõKù£™ ܬñ‚èŠð†ì Þ¬íòî÷ˆFŸ° Þõó¶ óCè˜èÀ‹ ñŸÁ‹ Þõ¬ó H¡ðŸÁ‹ ËŸÁ‚èí‚è£ù Þ¬ê‚ è¬ôë˜èÀ‹ õ£›ˆ¶„ ªêŒFè¬÷ ÜŠHJ¼‰îù˜.