WSWS : v^W h` |@L;n : a`y`v sh \`Nkr kl`py
n#@gnr
@m~r@Y "qhs" :m`y`v
sh y}`}y
East
Timor's "independence": illusion and reality
mK @hD
h` Nd` t#nN @b~M
2002 m# 18
m# 20
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nv qhS rt @ls k`\yt pW @k@r a#w. agvr l s#mr#M m[&@Y, eKsW j`N@G
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800,000K jny` qhS bv k`\ kr a#w.
n#@gnr
@m~r a`N@V "qhS n v#dsthN" nM @vB ady pvsn a`k`ryt "nv
sh@Y }m j`kWvy h` @l`v nvwm j`wNy @m~ry v a#w. ytW wX`v@Y 500
vsrkt h` sNnQ[ argl@Y 25 vsrkt pv, @m~r jnw`v oN ewrM ز klK aph@vN
stN kr lb` gW qhs avs`n@Y v#l> g a#w."
@mm kM
y`p$Mvl v&`j X`vy s#mr#M Nm m @p@N. uWsvyN @Vk`gw mt pv`,
Ek`bQ[ aд`hkWvy s>h` w#Vk`rkM mt sA[`ykyNt blkr l#b a#w.
"k#m QglyNt s#mr#Mvl isVvkt aд`hkWvy q#Ky h#k. a@nW ayt m`nvN
aдh mt Uvn" @vB ady k`\ kr. wmN@G sMm`q@M m`nyt av,
[`n sASk^k uWsvy q a#lW isV nM @M ay aд`hkyNt @B.
aд`hkyNt
l#@bn a@nW l`Xvlt oN@G nM h` l`Acn;
vN y h` r$pv`y mN c`rny m;
b#nR, smr# -;RT h` y qhS n @vl> X`Nd mw s>hN m adA
@V. @y~w j`k ur#m uq&`n@Y (National
Legacy Park) i @k@rn "@r~[@Y
;yN" t k#p lkymW aд`hk nM qR\ny kr. v&`p`kyN h` w
QglyN v pw&`g mt gNv l#@b. "oV, at \`l sh@y~gyK av\&
y" @vB ady ay. nW "s$m aytm @k`tsK r< q#Ky h# vn p
ap aд`hkWvyN skS @k`t a#w."
\`lwm
pw&`gkr#vN vN@N OS@y`v
h` @m~ry awr v# @bn @m~r p@L @y~[ ΎvN @d`lR yn gnN l`X
l#mt n @wL h` g$S sm`gM vn PS
@pT@r~yM, @;L, os`k` g$S h` DsD enR @v. @M av, "qhs" k`\yt
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[`N 4 @q@n pm. @mm r`j& hwr, n#@gnr @m~ry l K;k a`Rk
h` @l~p`k a`yyN sw j`N @y~jny kr. R{ k`n ytW w p`lk
p^g`ly wm jn`p @mN m agm#vry` q shX` krv a#w. s#mMvN pv
e @y~w@y~ wm @vl> h` r`j&w`Nk @y~jny \KmW kr g#m s>h` p^
X`;`v k}` krn j`N@G sM@MlnyK k#>vN s#b$ r`jk`yt b a#w.
n#@gnr
@m~ry l p^g`l@Y [`n v`y` h` [`n `@Qy bly vn OS@y`v,
agm# @j~N @h`v`RDv tW kr yv a#w. uWsvyt yNwM sykt @pr, @h`v`D a`Nv,
n#@gnr @m~r@Y agm# ryt
@W pW n @M aL w`v VIP
(a @|; QglyN s>h` X`w` krn) @jT y`nyN k#Nbr` @vw @gn @Y y. e ,
aL w`, @tR
sNrS (Greater sunrise)
kl`p@Y \`l @Q\yK - @m~r @Q \`l @wL h` g$S ΎvN ekK bvt w&K;
- mN OS@y`vt
pvr` mt d` j`y b#m s>h` bly p`C krn @ls o@gN iLl` X`Nd`g`k
tR @k`S@t@l~, @Q\ a#m a#@lKs#NdR @d~nR h` a`rK;k a#m @r`bT Lv hy.
@M avS}`@V Rn ek<w`vkt p#mt asmW v q, nv j`@Y }m "qhS"
y`v @ls yM a`k`ryk mkt m# 20 n aWsN wb lbn bv OS@y`
rjy av[`rny krN .
1999 ag
OS@y`@V
n#@gnr @m~r t K@Y ˚& k`vK r< q#K h` s#ly
l& v` a# nvlNwy, agm# @hlN Kl`RKv shX` krv a#w. e@hW [`n
a`r`wy` vN@N iNy` jnp @mg`v kR@n~y. @qsykt @pr, shX`
vn @ls @mg`vt kNnlV mt Sn`O vN sAc`ry k@L y. `Nw @Q\@Y iNy`
kM aWh#r q#m wvmW K@p krN n iNy` t sAS}`w@Y s#ly
S}ryN@G @r~[yt n @qN a#y wm rny @Vqny k@L avsN @m`@h`@W
y. @mg`v ߊ a#W@W p#y hwrK pmnK v q, vr`@Y r>v` wb l#@bn
n`k y``vK h` a#y@G Qgk t a`rK;k Xtk`y mN k#v y`m wN iLl`
y` y. @snr`q`, n#@gnr @m~r@Y a`k
rjyt p#h# anr# a#<mK krN iNy` vK skl n`k y`` 5K Kj@Y
g#v@s qhS n s#mr#M S}`ny @p@nn m`n@Y t q#k gw h# y.
1975 iNy`@V
n#@gnr @m~r a`mn@Y h` t a``q`yk hR@w~ yt@W iNy` t@Y
OS@y`v
h#r# t [`nwm aд`hky` vn eKsW jnpqy t jn`p L KNtN shX` krv.
smSw
m, d` r`j& k#bW@W p#v#m mw a`pw&y qrn sb>w`vNt a# Ll
ز kr:
[`k`r@Y @g~y h` `@Qy blyNt, [`n @wL sm`gMvlt h` aNwRj`k l&
sAS}`vNt - @l~k b#Av h` j`a - g# bv, n#@gnr @m~ry arxN@N a`y`@V
PpWm rt sh @l`v vd`Wm ċ rtvN ekK @lsW a\y k @Sv`, @Q\`[`r h`
ny s>h` @n` nvn a`y`cnyN@gN @w`rv ywly @h~ phkM s#pmt asmW rtK @lsW
y. @d`lR yn 100k }m vs@R ayv#y, @s_&, a[&`pny, v`s h` a@nW
aw&v\& av\&w` lb`mt @Kqjnk
@ls m`nvW @n` v a# awr rt aX&Nwr a`q`yM mN s#py h# v a#W@W @Mv`N
@nN ekK pm.
wm
sh`yky h` sAS}`gw aд`hkyNt aд`hkv n#@gnr @m~r a`Nv pvWn` m`nytm
eyt kt mt q h# v a#w. uq`hrnyK @ls, eKsW j`N@G pp`ln [` sR@y~
@Yr` @m@l~ m`R 12 n n#@gnr @m~r a#m mNdlyt q#M N@N m# 20 nt
p eKsW j`N wv rtW my h` v&vS}`my sh@y~gy, aNwRj`l @V\y,
sA@Q\ phkM c`y`
tpW @Sv` h` v`hn ndW @M phkM spyN@N
n# bv . aNwR j`k X`;` pvRwkyN v&vS}` pR;qy l smg` pvRwn
@Sv` y`vt n#m n#v#Wy h# awr qL s#pm s>h` a@nW l`yN@gN arqL
nyt @n`gw@h`W r$pv` h` vN @Sv` vs` q#@m l#y h#k.
n#@gnr
@m~r jny`, iNy` t@Y h` y`@V
an@qNnN@G cNdWvyt h` wRjnyNt a@y~g krN iNy`@vN @vNmt bl @ls cNqy
p`C k@L q#nt vsr @qkhm`rkt @pr 1999 a@g~S 30 q` y. cNqy
avsN vh`m kl y`
cNdWv@Y qhS gnN s`m`n& jny` mr` qm l# y. y qhS gnN @qn`v iNy`
btr @m~ryt b@lN yv l# awr `Nw@Y v`s, p`sL, @r~hL h` @p` phkM a#lW
ywl phkM @b`@h`myK n`\ kr qm l#h.
ŵ
s#mr#M y`v@Y @g_rvyt p` a`Nv avs`n h@Y @Kqv`ckyt
vgv y. o n#@gnr @m~r jnw`vN q\k gnn`vK r` wm a`Rk
h` @l~p`k @m@hMvl iWwN @ls X`w` klh. q#N, @mm nv ċ r`j& k#bWw
ar`j&v` dnyt h` mNnyt e@r mhjnw`vN@G Sv`n
bl g#N@m ly vnv` @vvt em p#v#Wm s>h` em Sv`n
ar`j&v` blyN mw sMRn@yNm r>` .
ar`j&v`
dn@Y v`Rw`vK
SbN
sl`s`R - k#@yt`@n~ f#ST pp`lny > v# 1974 qKv`m, @l`v vd`Wm u_n sAvRw
@Q\vN ekK @ls @|; n#@gnr @m~ry mw an@y~ w ak`ry, p^g`ly
K Nq` y. 1975 yTn`m@Y bl pr`jyK aW@mN pv, @TN
N w n#@gnr @m~r@Y a`k
qhS v&`p`ry iNy` @k`@qV @Q\ aS}`vr kr a#w# eKsW jnpq h` OS@y`
a`N yh. 1975 @qs#Mbr@Y aR[ Nt` a`mny mt hR@w~ Nt`v y`k`
@ls @p`lxv l# y. Il< @qq\ky r`, @m~r @r~[y 200,000k wvl yq@mN
r# iNy` mRqnyt lKmt s$m eKsW jnpq h` OS@y`
a`NvKm aNdv bly s#p y.
ynykt
a`sNn kMkr#vN h` @g`N@G mrn q#kgW, eKsW jnpq h` OS@y`
bly l# iNy` mhjnw`vNt e@r mNnyN sAS}`pny hR@w~@G wNy
m btr @l~p`k h` @vl> av\&w`vN@G a`rK;k prK @ls slk l# y.
1978 ,
@m~r p@L vn` @wL h` g$S Ύ pvWn` bv whr# @mN p, iNy`
n#@gnr @m~r a$>` g#m l vs@yN gW @l`v }my` bvt OS@y`v
pWy. vm`r#@V iNy`v, @m~r @Q sMpWvl ay h` p`lny mw OS@y`v
smg s`kCc`
a#r
y. OS@y`
VIP @jT
y`nyk p#v s`ʦ s`qyk @h~K@G @LbR a`Nv N 1989 aWsN w# @m~r
ankr m (Timor Gap Treaty)
l s`kCc`
t `Pyt pWy. m q yt @kWvl \`lwm @k`ts OS@y`vt
.
e@hW
a`Rk
h` @Q\p`lk @vnSM k#Nbr` gnN b#M K;y m a#r
y. \`l @wL h` g$S Ύ @s`y` g#m, wm p#r ytW w @Q\@Y p^g`l av\&w`
y `nvW k@L y. n#@gnr @m~r@Y Sbn@Y Sv`pw&y eKsW j`N N wvmW
g lbn w l, @l~k akrny l iNy`-OS@y`
g@qv Sbn@Y a@y~gyt lK y. akrn@Y bly g#m iNy`v K@p
kl w l @y~g mK qKv` ey iyt gmN @n` kl q 1995 |cyk`rvr# k`\
k@L eKsW j`N@G אPy yt@W p^g`lyt vlA av`kmK bv .
iNy`
rjy b> @v`Ntn@Y
a`kLpy 1990 gnN m#q X`gy vn t |w @vnSkmkt lK@vN . `@Qy @p`Sk`ry
@ls wvmW wK@Sr# p#v@Y v hR@w~@G w
h` ` sAhv` wNy, sMpWvN a`d&
iNy` a`Rky
@g~y `G[nyt sMRn@yN vr mt b`[kyK bvt pW . 1997 , eKsW
jnpqy j`a h` @l~k b#Av hrh` y`k` @vN lt a``q`yky`v apRyt pW
mt a`y` l& aRq@Y v`y lb`gW@W y. @r~p` sAgm@Y bly sh n#@gnr
@m~r@Y eKsW j`N@G @y~w pqy n`gN, p^g`ly, v`q`yk wWv@Y kvK
q#kgW@W r`j& w`Nk h`ryK yW k@L y.
eyt
amwrv p^ ak`, Sn`O, @h`Rw`, aL w` h` a@nW @m~r n`ykWvyN n`g#m
( b` g#m) a#rh.
1998 a@L m`s@Y hR@w~ @r~
@plp` iNy`v r` awr, Sbnyt r# sM@Mlnyk @m~r @r~[@Y
j`k kNly (CNRT )
ӵv l# y. CNRT
n`yk@y~, hR@w~t kMkr#vN@G h` ;&yN@G v&`p`ry l iNy` dnyt
e@r blvW Xy yN @vvt "vd`W rKw
h` a@PKw
psryK" X`rkr#vN @ls wmNtm a`@y~jkyN y h# avS}`vK q#kgWh. n#@gnr @m~r@Y
"SvyA-Rny" s>h` vn CNRT
@Y i qR\nyt, ar`j&v`qyt e@r argly @h~ @m~r jnw`vN@G av\&w`
a`rK;` m sm< sMbN[yK p#v@Y n#w. It lv, e eLlv p#v@Y, @Qy
wNyt k shkr#v @ls y`k` y h# @vnm r`j&yK S}`pny m
s>h` E @h~ @M [np bl@Y - p^g`ly @h~ OS@y`v
- bly n`g#m . @M s>h` k l`X @qkK y`vt q#mt CNRT
y @p`@r`N y:
S}`vrWvy - @m`r jnw`vN awr k#lLlt pWvN m#m - sh v@N Sv`X`k sMpW -
@|;@yNm @wL - r`k$m mw pqnM l`X.
iNy`
rjy smg wm sp h` @b`@h~ l`Xq` sMbN[w` \KmW kr g#mt uWs`h qrN k#Nbr`v
p^g`l@Y a`rMXkWvyNt c`r q#K y. iNy` S@@vX`vy pvWv`@gn y`@M
@h`>m up`y @ls w Svp`ln@Y Gg# k`lm`vK n#@gnr @m~rvr#Nt ipW
m, iyt y`@M @h`>m m`vw y h# bv @y~jn` krN, @h`v`D 1998 ag X`g@Y
hR@w~@G krqrk` a`Pk .@J. ht y.
wm \`l
l& n`Sykt mn p`N h` ;&yN h` kMkr#vN@G @n` nvn ashnk`Wvy mN
wRjnyt lK kr l# 1999 l X`g@Y h, n#@gnr @m~ryt avsN @VqnyK
W k@L y:
eK@k~ m`s pyK a#lw pvWv lbn yM a`k`ryk "mhjn sM@MlnyK" hrh` iNy`
p`lny yt@W Svp`lny g! n#w@h`W `Nw@Y y qL sMX`ryN, @Sv`vN h` ywl
phkM ivW kr a#Ww` iNy`v N kr lbn K;k a`p g#@M "kRk\
wWvy" t n @q!
h@G
@y~jn`v p^g`l n&`y py smg @m`nvt g#l. eKsW j`N@G aдhy hrh` @m~r
jnw`vN@G mmK mn a`k`ryN vW @n` @k`t p^g`ly, iNy`v smg m#
5 n qrn ek<w`vkt s gW@W, eKsW j`N N aK;ny
kr lbn e@hW iNy` p`lny yt@W @m@hyv lbn jnmw c`rnyK pvWv a# bvt
y. @vNmt pvWvn cNqyN
iNy` bly lbn y`v
yr# v#@t a#w# @h`N qW CNRT
n`ykWvy l cNq
mmt r#Q[ y. nW, cNdWv@Y h#N ivW m eKsW j`Nt h` btr blyNt CNRT
y k#>v` rjy l S}`pny mt bl kr a#w# gnN blN o vh` m`Rgyt agw
h. eKsW j`N@G mNn vsA @k`t wm p^ v`y` ivW mt OS@y`
rjy mNn s#lM k@L y. n#@gnr @m~ry mw iNy` Sv`pw&y s>h`
wm ز k`n amwy (mn`py) pvWv` gNm, OS@y`
av\&w` rKw
kr g#mt, @h`v`D a`Nv, @qvn kLpy vn a`mk hq`vK Sm - yTn`m Q[@yN
p \`lwm OS@y`
t k#>m - y`vt q#m a#r
y. iNy` k#@nT@V h` ihl t ak`@Y s#lM b>v Qmy
anvrwyN hrh` @h`v`D sh o@G i @pl am`w&vr# sMRn v
(pRnvm) q#vW y. On$m y`
cNdWvyK, OS@y`v
N w t y`k`rkm y`vt q#mt av\& m`nvwv` @vSn spy` @q
a# bvt @h`v`D a`Nv gnN b# y.
n#@gnr
@m~r jny` "a`rK;` @M" kRwv&@yN a`vrny 1999 s#Pw#Mbr@Y m#q
OS@y`
Xt kNd`yM @g`dbn smy vn t q S {`wny v . nW @h`v`D, a`Nv
eKsW j`N@G iNtR@fT hq`vt n`ykWvy @qN, eKsW j`N kvr pp`lnyK ӵvW
s$@hn avS}`vK iLl` @M wWvy wmNm sks` @gn y` y.
r#Q[
p`R|vy m lb
@mm @Lv#
M g h#r# awrm, n#@gnr n`yk@y~ mhjn @r~[yK v#l#Kmt y`
klh. eKsW j`N@G cNq
mm @pr @mN m pv q o @r~[y p$M h` @plp`vlt r#Q[ h. mr`q#M iyt
a#mt id @qN, Sn`O, f`NL gLl` stN kr#vNt iNy` y`
cNdWvyt e@rv h`r @n` @qn @ls @y~g k@L y. jnmw c`rn@yN n 5 kt p
1999 s#Pw#MbR 4 n "L Q[yK y vth` g l#y h#" b#N
y`m`RgyK gw @n` h# bv CNRT
yLlK wN y` @Y y. oN@G [`n av\&w`v @Y btr bly
aNwr`ykt yvn vK @n` kr l#m .
@my,
eKsW j`N S}`pny kl n#@gnr @m~ry s>h` w`vk`k pp`lny (UNTAET)@ls
oN@G (CNRT
j`w&Nwr) s#k#Sm >y. l ptNm @m~r n`ykWvy whr# kr l#@V
avAk j`wNv` shX`WvyK v#l#Kmt .
cNqyK
@h~ mhjn mw mmK @n` kr, w kvL r`j&yk blwl UNTAETt
pvr l# y. @h~Rw` sh Sn`O@G bly lW eKsW j`N@G pp`lk sR@y~ @Yr`
@m@l~ eKsW j`N@G l[ryN@gN h` aN a#> gW @m~r @Q\p`lkN@gN s#M
lW am`w&`A\ pW krN, ab`w ak`ry pvWv`@gn @Y y. @m@l~ smg spv y`
kl Sn`O jn`p a`rK;ky` @ls slk l# awr p#r gLl` v&`p`ry @N
v&`p`ry `@y~k r`j& pK;yK bvt pWy.
eKsW j`N@G
R{ blpyK s>h` y``
kl
n#@gnr @m~r
n`yk@y~ y`
y`k`Wvy y mm v#l#K@M v`v yt@W qhS gnN eKsW j`N@G hq` h` @p`y
p`lnyt @y`qv` g#@M q# k#m#W@wN yh.
@vNv
y`@M cNqy
pvWv` vsr @qkK py a@g~S m`sy qKv`m v&vS}`q`yk mNdlyK s>h` m#vrn
@n` p#v#W awr Ev` q# @Q\p`lk m`krnyk r>v` g l# y. Sn`O@G bl@M
y`pA @Q\p`ln pK;vlt arN e@nk` @VcnyN v#l@M j`k sm
mK aWsN w#mt @Y j`k sm@Y pp`lnyK skS mt h` sm`rMXk jnp
@ls ot sh`y mt . m`[&yN h` eKsW j`Nt nM @TN
jyhny Rv@yN kl gmnyK y.
q# dny
y v, s`m`n& n#@gnr @m~r v#yN sh eKsW j`N@G wNyW oN@G
sh`ykyW awr vn s#ly @Hqy h` ashny cNq@yN
an`vrny k@L y. @N
v&`p`ry an`v# pl kl bl bwry @vvt cNq@Y
ont l#@N yyt 57K pm.
E h`
smgm v`@G, @vnW m#vrnyK avm vs@yN vsr 5K s>h` v#l#Kmt @ny
kt a#r
y. a@nW kNd`yM sMmw sX`gyK atvN sX`@V @nN @qkk bwryK sMRn kr gW @ny
v&vS}`v sMp`qny @M ay wb`gW@W y. v&vS}`v b>
jnmw c`rnyK @n` pvWv a# bv e n`yk@y~ iNp k`\ k@L pK;v @h~ pK;v
cNqy
mt jnw`vt a# ay K;y kr. @my ayN, p`lk sX`vm r@T }m p`R@MNv
@ls S}`pny krn bv @Vqny k@L @ny
mh m#vrnyK s>h` vn av\&w`vK 2007 qKv` ph kr.
m# 20
q` qKv` `rMXk k`lm`@V p#v#W ekm Nq mm - jn`vvrny - Rn hsnyK
y. eKsW j`N pmnK @n` v @l~k m`[&@y~ q Sn`O ihNm jygW bv k`\ klh. pnw
t jnp s`yR @d~ amr`L sA@Kw`Wmk a`rK;k@y @ls ipW mt avnw krv` g
l#@V j`wNv` nK lb`@M p#h# arn s>h` y.
v&vS}`vm
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21 vn
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r`k$mt s a@nkkt @n` @V.
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a`@y~jny a#q g#m smg l&`R} bvt "qhs" p#n a#w.
m`y`vN@G
p#h#y a vn t sh n#@gnr @m~ry ڍkrWvy q&`m`n vn t, sm`j a`w
pN {ww` @Vg@yN v# v a#w. a`Rk
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N vd`W @Vcn`Wmk S}r iSm m a#r@x a#w.
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