WSWS : v^W h` |@L;n : @l~k a`Rky
sm`jv`qy
yt@W wy b> |n pyK sh r#
Some
questions and answers on life under Socialism
K
MS
2002
m# 30
wvW MS
mhw`n,
kLp
vW l`yK @ls @l~s@va: (wsws)
1.
Rn ߿y` Ky pvWv` gNm k`RyK;m X`Nd h` @Sv` p`qny shk krN@N
@k@S q?
2.
jnghn@Y uvmn`kM h` av\&w` @m`nv`q# sm`jv` sm`jy q#ngN@N @k@S q?
3.
a@nK jny` N a`[`r kr lbn bv qW (qNm), jnw`v slq`ykv v#d mt
a@wv ߊ N@N @k@S q? @vnW vcn vN a#v@h`W, alsX`vyt h` sm`j l`X
a @ls X`w` mt e@rv @mm pQ[y a`rK;`vN@N @k@S q?
4.
nv a`rMXkWvyN h` 쩍t y`vN agy lbN@N @k@S q?
5.
sAvR[ny @vN pvWn` @l~ky l, mhjn av\&w` l<`krm s>h` (sNw^Pw m
s>h`) [ny sh w`K;k `ny ey lt @rny v lbN@N @k@S q?
6.
\`l v&`p`kyNt slq`yk @ls l<`y @n`h#, `@Qy jnw`vN@G av\&w`
sr`m s>h` w QglyNt d` v&`p`r kr@gn y`
h#
d` v&`p`r gkyNt k`RyX`ryK @B q? uq`: avNhL sh d` @vl>sL
7.
rn g#@M y`vyt @k@S mn mttMvN rjy y`Wmk @V q? jnw`v pq`nyN krW
q? @l~k `G[ny @k` v a# q?
8.
kvr vn`kM lkyN sm`j sq`c`r@Y Rn`yky h#d gNv a#W q? (sm`j sq`c`r@Y pqnm
h#d gNv@Y kvr vn`kM lkyN q?)
9.
pl \KmW mt sm`jv` sm`jy y` krN@N @k@S q?
10.
aq&wn @b`@h~ wr#n jny` klmt pWv sh Qgk q^@Y u_nw`vt pWv a#w.
@my, @b`@h~ btr rtvlt d`krn mWv& g#tv a`Ak @Wr#M kr @Q. @mm wr#n
jny`t oN@G XvyN w^Pw kr g#mt kvr prm`qR\ @h~ y`k`rkM uWp`qny krN@N q?
11.
Plvy m`nv av`kM s`hkv uLlA{ny M sw dk SvX`vykt (wWvykt) ݶ@mN
vlKvN@N kvr a`rK;k @k`N@Q q?
12.
v&`p`r q`ykWv yqM sh p#M c v#yM l p`sk sh sMpW K;ym
vlKvn slk`b#M aNwRgw kr lbN@N q?
m`KS
sh eAgLS@G k^ sMp`qny kr l#@V 19 vn yv@S m#q t ag qKv` k`Rk Plvy
k`l m`@V y. ap q#N N@N @b~@h~ kMkr#vN @Sv` kRm`Nwvl Kw @w`rr# w`K;n
Plvy l y. nn p@X~j [nv`q@Y sh @Sv` a`Rk@Y n#m, m`KS sh eAgLS @pr q#K@K q? ߿y` mTtM, s#b$
v#P (Rw v#P), ߿y`vl m` (aR[ k`n/Rn k`n) sh sm`j asm`nw`v yn Ev`t sMbNwv @w`rr# -
[`vk @Sv` mw pqnM a`Rky an`gw@Y @k@S iyt y a#Qq# ob a@PK;` krn @qy
q#n g#m mm a@G @k`t slk.
hqWv@yN,
eS
wvW
eS,
ob@G
|n m`l`vt @qn r l m` iSm krn pl k`rn`v nM Ev` sm`jv`qy b>
v&`j v#tmK mw p`qkv a bv. a@PKw @lsm Ev` q\k gnn`vK St#Nv`q@Y a`pw&y
sh [nv` rtvl sm`j j`wNv` pK;yN@G l[`v` "r`j& sm`jv`q@Y"
w l a`Rk
sh sm`j sA[`ny ym krn @Q\p`ln ak`ryK S}`pny m mw sm`jv` sm`jy rwvN@N
yn pqn@M skS kr l#b a#w.
w
Qgly @Q\p`ln pK;yK @h~ r`j& ak`ryK N skS kr lbn @y~g h`
m`l`vkt av sm`jv` sm`jyk sAvR[ny @n`v a#w. vd`W v#rv y@w`W ih`s@Y
}m vw`vt wmNt ihN N p`lny krn "qhS @vl> @p`@L" @h~ l[`v`
ak`ryk a`pw&@yN h` @y~g vN qhS , @@qk wvl k`v @ls
wm`@Gm sm`j sA[`ny s`kv hr#vn h` p`lny krn sm`j@Y s`m`kyN@G y`k`Wvy
yn pqn@M ey vR[ny v a#w.
"s`
wm`@Gm \KN sm`jmy blyN @ls hn`gW t h` sA[`ny krgW t sh E s`m @Q\p`lnmy
\K@Y Svr$p@yN sm`jmy \Ky wm`@gN wvrtW @vN @n`k#r# t pmnKm m`nv Ky
sMRnv pv a#w" m`KS y Lm vN ekk p#h# k@L y. [m`KS,
@qV |ny b>v ek kl k^ @vm 03, 168 ]
@my,
wm wy r` ot m< @pN i qR\ny. o@G pk`n yLlk, 1871 p#S
@k`n@Y 쩍Wvy @Y, ey "sm`jy N wmNv p`lny krn h` m#dln blyN @ls
@n`v wm`@Gm s blyN@gN ekK @ls r`j& bly @\~;ny kr g#@M, mhjn sNp`wyN
N sA[wv
wmNvm s`[ny krNn` bly @n`v wm`@Gm bly h` oN@G dkyN N a`Wms`Wkrny krg
l# k^m bly @vvt wm`@G sm`j K@Y @Q\p`ln r$py s`q`@M" rwm
bv o Swr k@L y. [m`KS sh eAgLS, p#S @k`ny g#n, 53 v]
ev#
sm`jyK s>h` Rv`v\&w`v vN@N m;& vRgy`@gN @b`@h~ m`nykt @qK
wm`@Gm p#v#Wmt av\& sMpW lb` g#m s>h` uWs`h krN qvN \`l @k`tsK
v#y m av\& @n`vn mTtmkt m@Y sm`j lq`Wv@Y vR[ny m. m`nv `c`r@Y
igmnt [nv`q@y @ pq`ny vN@N p`qny bl@Vg h` mlq`ykWvy aNdv
vR[ny m hrh` ev# Rv&`j m`nv Kyt av\& v&my pqnM Rm`ny
@k`t m.
@my
ob@G q&W-@Y
avs`n lK;yt m` k#>v`@gn y - Iy` @w`rr# Plv@Y blp$m - pgnk w`K;n@Y
X`wy m;& vRg@Y a`Rk
\Ky amhW @ls ihl qm` a# bv b>v v`qyK n#w. nW @g~y pm`nyk
vn @mm m lq`ykWv@Y n#m h` p`qn bl@Vgvl vR[nym [nv`q@Y sm`j sb>w`
- Qgk @Qpl m@Y, Qgk l`X@Y sh j`k r`j&@Y pQ[y - sm< g#mkt
p#n a#w.
py
@qq\ky r` @w`rr# Plvy smg sMbN[ p`qn bl@Vgvl @y~[ vR[ny @l~k
mhjnSkN[yN@G v aW q#k n#W@W @M s` y. It @vnSv, ey, j`N l @mNm aNwR
j`kvW sm`j asm`nw`v g#r# mtW Rw v#P phw v#mkt h` sm`j |n aw
m`nykt (@m s`kCc`
mt @n`h# wrM bl) mmt @H a#w. e@lsm, [`n [@N|vr blyN h` oN
@y~jny krn sAS}`vN s#mkKm sMpW, a`@y~jn l`X h` @vl>@p`l aWpW kr g#mt
e@nk`t e@rv vR[ny vn s`hk g#mk rwvNn` @Q\ ayW kr g#@M ar`j&v`
Q[vl m [gLF
Q[y, @g~Sl`y`vt e@r Q[y sh vWmN Swv`qyt e@r @l~k Q[y - nM
s>hN pmnK v s$@H]
a q#k a#W@w.
@k@S
vq, @w`rr# Plvy mN \k& kr l# p`qn bl@Vgvl amhW vR[ny m`nv
Ky s>h` pqnM skS @k`t a#w.
@`TS
s>hN kl p:
"@k`STv`q@Y v&my l`vyvy yW@W, lq`yk my d`vK m n#v
@plxmK sh w@Y X`Nd @bq`h#mK av\& @n`vn sh q#N @p`@h`sW
plk @h~ 't
sMpNn'
nv`w#nk @n`vNn`K @mNm rNwr sm^Q@Y N a[&`pn@Y, pc@Y h` sm`j q^@Y
h#r p`lnyK iLl` @n`n s`@G a`Rk blyN@G a\y ihl vR[ny, (@`TS, Plvy p`v`@q lb, @LbR k`\ny,
@d@`T,
39-40 )
@`TS
@mm @P k`l@Y t @M qKv` [nv` a`Rky n @qn [`n g#tv X`Nd <km @n`v a[`w`v sh ap`qny
sh wWvyK l aw&v\& X`Nd "sNwkv bl&y" avS}`vK kr` a ز gmnK p#n
a# bv p#h# y.
e@hW
g#tv e@lNm pv:
@l~k@Y v#d
krn jnw`vN@G s`̵k my N Rw p`qn bl@VgyN smSwyK @ls m`nv vRgy`@G
vt (gmnyt) up@y~ krg lbnv` @vvt l`X sCcy kr g#mt ytW kr lb.
@mm
sAlK;yN@G pqnm mw t ob@G g#tv @vwt h#mt mt id @qNn.
pl
h` @qvn g#t sMbNwy. [np sm`jy l a`Rk av\&w`vyN sh a`\`vN Rny @M ekm m`Rgy @vl>
@p`l. a`\`vN q#ng lbN@N Ev`t lq` iLm - qL - N abl @q l#v @h`W
pm. @vl>@p`@l vR[ny m sm`j@Y Rv s#kM vl @|;w`v`qy > @h
awr sm`j sA[`n@Y bl i MmK @y~jny k@L y. e@hW sm`jy vd` sARn vWm
sMpW @by`m Rny @M @vl>@p`l vd vd` ak`RyK;m @V. @b`@h~ Ev` smSw j`k
a`RkyNt
vd` \`l vn sAgwy l p`qny vd`Wm sSwr
s#l#Sm-s`n p`lny h` @m@hym-hrh` y`vt q#@. b`r@Y smSwyK @ls sm`jyl
ar`kWvy rjy. kLpn`vt en nvwm uq`hrny vN@N sA@Q\ kRm`Nwy. w Qgl
v&`p`r@Y a`k`r@yN y`vt n# a\`l a`@y~jn@y~ sRn@yNm wRk`Nw h.
nW a@nK s$m sA@Q\ sm`gmKm em rnym gWt ly @Y vWmN @d`lR yn
gnN vn bA@k`@l`W X`vy k#>v` a# a [`w`v Rm`ny m. sm`jv` sm`jy l
p`qkyNq oN smg ek @plt n oNmq smSwyK @ls sm`jy q N rny kr l#
ar hrh` mm@yN @vl>@p`l S}`pny kr a#w.
m`KSv`
rNwr@yN Swr @k`t a# p.
sm`jv` sm`jy @vl>@p`l l mt @h~ s$m aytm o@G av\&w`v p
l#@bn h` wm h#y`vN @h~ amwy p pmnK v#d mt av\& vNn` pqnM q#mt
@h~ w`K;kv smW @n`v a#w. k`lm`vK sqh` ihl v#Pvl Svr$p@yN g#N@M mn`
av\& v a#w. nW X`Nd h` @Sv` qh@S lb` gw h# m`ny v#vn @k`N@Q yt@W
Ev`@Y @n`v#qgW bv q v#v a#w. e@hW S kMm# nM mK krN@N q? ymyN
m`l`vK b#Ssm mN @mm g#tvt r# y @n`h# awr E @vvt Lv mRw
a`Rk
s#l#Smk pqnm mw Rny kr a#w. On#m @qn lq k`lm`vk @qn lq jnghnyN |w
jnw`vK m hq`@ a# awr a@nK ay @vnW av\&w` a`y a[&yny krN
@h~ y`@v @y@qN a#w. v#@d rw krvN@N m`nvW @n`vn m m`nyK bv
@s`y`g l#v@h`W, et smSwyK @ls
sm`jy j`wNv` @ls |cy kl e av\&w` av, wWvy @vnS m sqh` rn
gw v a#w.
wvq
@mm g#tv slk` b#@M p`qn
at
(8) h` nmy (9) g#tvl s#lLl @y`vn sq`c`ry h` pl b>v y h#K@K
s`m`n& rK pm. sm`jy s$m tm pNvlt @bq l#b b#N sq`c`ryq
pNmy kr#nK bv av[`rny krN m`KSv`qy yM sq`c`rv` a`q`n`hkyK ym m s$m
tm K@p @k`t a#w. sq`c`rmy vn`kM eK@k~ p`lk pW@Y av\&w` s`[`rkrny
kr, n#w@h`W ԫw jnw`v@G av\&w` @y~jny kr. pN sm`jy a@h~ kr l#
t nv sq`c`ryN vR[ny v a#w. ey mK aNwRgw krg a#Wq# Rv@yN s>hN
m aph vq apt yM a@PK;`vK a#w. smhr qr# Sv`X`k pwK @h~
v&snyK l @@qk w@Y |ww`@v~ > v#@tn t @@qk w@Y sMmwyN
p#h#vm @vnS vn SvyApnw h` RwX`v@Y s`m`n& jnw` y`k`rkM rNwr@yN
q#k gw h#k.
pl
s>h` q sm`jv` sm`jy l ymyN
n#w. jnw`v vW mt @w~r` gNn` m`[&yN oN Nm rny kr a#w. @k@S vq
sm`jv`qy yt@W, ev# @w~r` g#mK h# h` aR}vW krn v&my vWkM oN sv
a#w.
jnw`@v~
a`Rky
s#lMkrny h` sA[`ny
a`rK;k
@k`N@Q b> g#t@V Plvy
a#Ww
v\@yNm @k`n@Y @k w@Y t
Plvy
St#Nv`q@Y l[`v` dnyt ݶ@M lyN p#v@Y kMkr# r`j&y @g`dn#
v&my @k`N@Q l y. St#Nv`qy, r#y` Plv@Y @n`v#l#Ky h# lp`ky
@n`v It lv @r~y rtvL kr` v&`Pw mt r#y` Plvyt @n`h#@M
ly bv. ey (St#Nv`qy) kMkr# pNy bly g#@M av`Ry ly bv qr` n yLlNtm
@pNv` m av\& y. St#Nv`q@Y iSmmt h` ey N kMkr# pN@yN @Q\p`ln
bly p#h#r g#mt @m@hy @Y a`Rk
pg` rtK l Plvy qkl` p#vm.
@mm
r l, mt h# a#W@W ob iSm kl g#t ҆N SpR\ mt pm. eAgLS@G
A @r~[y (Anti-Duhring)
h` @`TS@G
Plvy p`v` @q lb (Revolution Bitred) a[&ny krNn# mt obht R@Q\ kl h# q? ob iSm krn kr#vN
@b`@h`myK e s`kCc`
kr l#@B.
ob@G avAk .
K MS
aq`l @vnW
2002 a@g~S 01
@l~k
a`Rk
aRqy
1991-2001
2001 @n`v#MbR 02
@tNDS
pQ[y > v# t
2001 a@g~S 28
avp`wy
sh @g~y klb#g$y yW kd` p`W@V
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