WSWS:
G¬ùõè‹
Dave Van Ronk, folk and blues artist, dead at 65
ç«ð£‚ ñŸÁ‹ ¹Ùv Þ¬ê‚ è¬ôë¡ «ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ 65
Ýõ¶ õòF™ ñóí‹
By Fred Mazelis
14 February 2002
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Hóð™òñ£ù ¹Ùv ñŸÁ‹ ç«ð£‚ ð£ìè˜, AŸø£Kv† ñŸÁ‹ ð£ìô£CKò¼ñ£ù
«ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ, ºœ÷‰î‡´ (Colon) ¹ŸÁ«ï£Œè£è
êˆFóCA„¬ê ªêŒòŠð†´ Í¡Áñ£îƒèO¡ H¡ù˜ ªðŠóõK 10 Ü¡Á ñóíñ¬ì‰î£˜.
ܪñK‚è£M½‹ àôªèƒA½I¼‰¶‹ ï¡ñFŠ¬ð»‹, â‡íŸø óCè˜è¬÷»‹ ñŸÁ‹
MCPè¬÷»‹ Þˆ¶¬øJô£ù Üõó¶ 40 õ¼ìŠ ðòíˆF™ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ªðŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£˜. Üõó¶ ºî™
"Ü™ð‹" Folkways Records ÞŸè£è 1959 Þ™
ðFõ£ù¶, Þî¬ùˆ ªî£ì˜‰¶ Þó‡´ ìC‚°‹ «ñô£ù¬õ ªõOò£Aù. Üõ˜ î¡ õ£›¬èJ¡ º®¾õ¬ó
îò£KŠH¬ù»‹ èŸHˆî¬ô»‹ ªî£ì˜‰î£˜.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒA¡ Þ¬êJ¡ ð£E (Style
) Þô°õ£è õ¬èŠð´ˆîîòî¡Á. Þõó¶ º¡ùò è¬÷Š 𣘂AI숶, 1950 èO™ Þõ˜
Fùº‹ GÎ «ò£˜‚ ïèK™ ü£v ñ¡øƒèÀ‚° (Jazz clubs)
ªê¡Á Coleman Hawkins ñŸÁ‹
Jimmy Rushing «ð£¡øõ˜è¬÷ ê‰Fˆ¶õˆî è£ôƒèO™ Þõ˜  ªê™õ£‚°„ ªê½ˆFò
õ†ìƒèO™ ü£v è¬ôëù£è ܬö‚èŠð†ì£˜. ܈¶ì¡ Þõ˜ ¹Ùv Þ¬ê‚ èôë˜èOù™ I辋 ªê™õ£‚°
ªê½ˆîŠð†®¼‰î£˜, Blind Lemon Jefferson
ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò º¡«ù£®è÷¶ Ü®Šð¬ì Þ¬êèO¡ (Classics)
îù¶ ªê£‰î ðFŠ¹è¬÷Š ðF¾ªêŒî£˜. Þõó¶ ðE ⊪𣿶‹ ܪñK‚è Þ¬êJ¡ (êƒWîˆF¡) «õ˜èœ
âù â¬õ ܬö‚èŠð†´ õ¼Aùøù«õ£ ÜõŸP¬ùJ†ì ݘõˆF¬ù»‹ Ý›‰î ð®ŠH¬ù¬ò»‹ °Pˆ¶ G¡ø¶.
åªìŸø£ ñŸÁ‹ ªðŸ Yè˜ (Odetta
and Pete Seeger) «ð£¡ø Hóð™òñ£ù ð¬ìŠð£÷˜è¬÷»‹, ܈¶ì¡ Üõó¶ êñè£ôˆîõ˜è¬÷»‹
ñŸÁ‹ Þ÷‹ Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜è÷£ù --IèŠ Hóð™òñ£ù Bob
Dylan «ñ½‹ Jack Elliott, Phil Ochs,
Tom Paxton, Joni Mitchell, Janis Ian, Christine Lavin, Suzanne Vega
ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ðô¬ó»‹ ÜP‰F¼‰î¶ì¡ Üõ˜èÀì¡ «ê˜‰¶ ðEò£ŸP»I¼‰î£˜.
Dylan 1961 Þ™ îù¶ 20 õ¶ õòF™ GΫò£˜A¡
Al¡M„ M«ô„²‚° õ‰î H¡ùó£ù ñ£îƒèO™ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ õ¡ ªó£ƒ ñŸÁ‹ Üõó¶ ñ¬ùM»ì¡ îƒAJ¼‰î£˜.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒ Üõó¶ 25 õ¶ õòF™ AŸø£˜ õ£ˆFòˆF™ Üõó¶ ¸†ðƒèOù£½‹ ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ðô
õNèOÛì£è¾‹ Þ÷‹ Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜èœ ñˆFJ™ ªê™õ£‚° ªðŸP¼‰î¶ì¡,
Bertolt Brecht [«ü˜ñ£Qò ï£ìè£CKò˜]
ñŸÁ‹ Hªó…² symbolist èMë˜èÀ¬ìòõŸ¬ø»‹
èŸðF™ ݘõºŸP¼‰î£˜.
Üõ˜ Seeger, Peter, Paul,
Mary ñŸÁ‹ ã¬ùò ç«ð£‚-Þ¬êŠ ð£ìè˜èÀì¡
«ê˜‰¶ ðEò£ŸP»‹ «ê˜ˆ¶ ñF‚èŠð†´‹ Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹, Üõó¶ ðE ã«î£ å¼ õ¬èJ™ «õÁð†ì¶‹,
ðó‰î¶‹ ñŸÁ‹ ðô õ¬èJô£ù¶ñ£°‹. Þõó¶ Þ¬êŠð¬ìŠ¹èœ
Louis Armstrong, Leonard Cohen, Randy Newman ñŸÁ‹
Rev. Gary Davis «ð£¡ø ¹Ùv Þ¬ê‚ è¬ôë˜èO¡ ð¬ìŠ¹èÀì¡ åŠ¹«ï£‚èˆî‚è¬õò£°‹.
Þõ˜ ü£v, ¹Ùv, ç«ð£‚ ñŸÁ‹ ´Š¹ø Þ¬êèOL¼‰¶ Üõ˜ «ñ½‹ ÜHM¼ˆF ªêŒî£˜.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒ-A¡ õ£›¾ º¿õî¬ù»‹ ñŸÁ‹ ðEŠ ðòíˆF¬ù»‹ õ®õ¬ñˆî
Üõó¶ ÜóCò™ ñŸÁ‹ ÜP¾pMî «ï£‚°G¬ô Þ¼ð ËŸø£‡®¡ ï´Šð°FJ™ Ý›‰F¼‰î¶, Þ¼ŠH‹
Üõ˜ õö¬ñò£è "ÜóCò™" ꣘‰«î£ Ü™ô¶ è‡ìùŠ ð£ì™è¬÷«ò£ Þ¬êˆîF™¬ô.
New York Times
Þ™ ªð£Š
Þ¬ê Mñ˜êè˜ Jon Pareles
õ£¡ ªó£ƒAŸè£ù Üõó¶ Ü…êL‚ °PŠH™, "õóô£ŸP¡ à혬ñ
ñŸÁ‹ ï¬è„²¬õ à혬õ ªè£‡®¼‰î¶ì¡, êè Þ¬ê‚è¬ôë˜èœ Þõ˜ å¼ ªè£¬ì â¡ð¬î à혉èœ"
âù ⿶A¡ø£˜. Þ¶ ꉫîèˆFŸ° ÞìñŸø à‡¬ñò£°‹, «ñ½‹ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ÝJó‚èí‚è£ù Üõó¶ ê裂èOù£™
«ïC‚èŠð†ì£˜ â¡Á ÃP¡ ܶ I¬èò£è£¶, Þ¶ Üõ¬ó «ï£Œ õ£›M¡ ÞÁF‚° Þ†´„ ªê¡ø«ïóˆF™
Üõ¼‚°‚ A¬ìˆF¼‰î 膴‚èìƒè£î ÝîóMù£™ â´ˆ¶‚裆ìŠð†ì¶.
õóô£ŸP¡ à혬ñ»‹ ܶ âƒA¼‰¶ õ‰îî¶ â¡ð¶‹, âšõ£ø£J‹, G„êòñ£è
ªîO¾ð´ˆîŠðì«õ‡´‹. õ£¡ ªó£ƒ Üõó¶ º¿õ¶ñ£ù õ£›‚¬è‚è£ôˆF™ ªî£Nô£÷ õ˜‚舶ì¡
Þùƒè£íŠð´õ¶ì¡ ºîô£Oˆ¶õˆF¡ ªõÁ‚èˆî‚è ²ó‡ì¬ô»‹ ܈¶ì¡ «ê£êLêˆF¡ eî£ù ÝîóM¬ù»‹
ªõOŠð´ˆFù£˜. Üõó¶ Þ÷‹ Hó£òˆF™ Üõ˜ Üó£üè-ªî£NŸêƒèõ£î (
Anarcho-syndicalism)
輈¶èOù£™ èõóŠð†®¼‰î£˜, H¡ 1960 èO¡ Ýó‹ðˆF™ Üõ˜ †ªó£†vAê ÝŒ¾èÀì‹
º¡«ù£‚°ì‹ îù¶ àì¡ð£†¬ì ªõOJ†®¼‰î£˜. ܪñK‚è «ê£êLê êñˆ¶õ‚ è†CJù¶ º¡«ù£®ò£ù
ªî£Nô£÷˜ èöèˆF™ (Workers League)
Þ¬í‰î¶ì¡ 1960èO¡ ÞÁFõ¬ó Þˆªî£ì˜H¬ùŠ «ðEõ‰î£˜. 1998 «ñ ñ£î‹ õ£¡ ªó£¡‚
WSWS Þ¡
è¬ôJò™ ÝCKò˜ «ìM† «õ£™w àì¡ c‡ì¶‹ ðó‰î¶ñ£ù«î£˜ èô‰¶¬óò£ìL™ èô‰¶ªè£‡ì£˜.
[«ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ àì¡ æ˜ èô‰¶¬óò£ì™]
1936 Þ™ ÌÚ‚L¡ â¡ÂIìˆF™ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ Hø‰î£˜, CÁHœ¬÷ò£è
Þ¼‰î«ð£«î Üõ˜ °J¡v â¡ÂIìˆFŸ° Þ싪ðò˜‰î¶ì¡ ܃° P„ªñ£¡† àò˜G¬ôŠ ðœOJ™ «ê˜‰î£˜.
15 Ýõ¶ õòF«ô«ò ð£ì꣬ô¬ò M†´ ªõO«òP, Üõ˜ ªð¼ñ÷M™ ²òñ£è«õ è™MèŸø£˜. Üõ˜ å¼
ªð¼‹ õ£êèó£è Þ¼‰î¶ì¡, Üõó¶ ðó‰î ÜP¾‹ ñŸÁ‹ ݘõƒèÀ‹ õö‚èñ£Œ ²òñ£ù ï¬è„²¬õ
ð‡¹ì¡ Þ¼‰î«î£´, à¬óò£ì™ ñŸÁ‹ Üõó¶ ð¬ìŠ¹ Þ󇮽«ñ HóFðLˆîù.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒ îù¶ Þ÷¬ñŠ ð¼õˆF™ õEè èŠðL™ ðEò£ŸPù£˜. Ü«î«õ¬÷
Al¡M„ M«ô„C½œ÷ õ£Sƒì¡ 궂èˆF¡ ð‚è‹ ÜFè‹ ªê¡Á õ‰î£˜, ÜŠªð£¿¶î£¡ 1960 Þ¡
Ýó‹ðˆFL¼‰¶ ï´Šð°F õ¬óJô£ù è£ôŠð°FJ™ ïL¾ŸÁŠ«ð£ù ç«ð£‚ ñÁñô˜„C Þò‚è‹ â¿„Cªðøˆ
ªî£ìƒAJ¼‰î¶.
Gaslight
ñŸÁ‹ Folk City
«ð£¡ø Hóð™òñ£ù ñ¡øƒèO½‹ Üõ˜ ð£®ù£˜, ܬõ ÜóƒA½¼‰¶ ñ¬øõ c‡ìè£ô‹ H®ˆî¶.
Üõó¶ Ýó‹ðè£ô ðF¾èÀ‹ Üóƒ«èŸøƒèÀ‹ Üõ˜ Þ ªðK¶‹ îè¬ñ õ£Œ‰îõ˜ â¡ð¬î ªîO¾ð´ˆFù.
"Cocaine Blues," "You’re a Good Old
Wagon," "He Was a Friend of Mine," "Stackerlee"
ñŸÁ‹ "House of
the Rising Sun" â¡ð¬õ àœ÷ìƒèô£è ï¡° ÜPòŠð†ì
Üõó¶ ð£ì™èœ ñŸÁ‹ Interpretations
èO™ ÜFèñ£ù¬õ 1960 èOL¼‰«î ªõOò£Aù.
Ü‚ªè£vF‚ (
Acoustic)
Þ¬ê ñŸÁ‹ ç«ð£‚ ñÁñô˜„C 1960èO¡ HŸð°FJ½‹ 1970 èO½‹ i›„C‚° ªê¡ø¶‹, õ£¡ ªó£ƒ
îù¶ ðE»ì¡ Þî¬ù ެ툶‚ ªè£‡ì£˜. Üõ˜ 弫𣶋 îù¶ ¹è¿‚è£è«õ£ Ü™ô¶ îù¶ ªê™õ‹
꣘‰î ïô¡èÀ‚è£è«õ£ è´è÷¾‹ Ü‚è¬ø ªè£‡®¼‚èM™¬ô. Üõ˜ 1970 èO¡ ï´Šð°FJ™ æ˜ °ÁAò
è£ô‹ ެꈶ¬ø «õ¬ôè¬÷ ¬èM†®¼‰î«ð£F½‹ H¡ù˜ å¼ õ¼ìˆF™ ÜŠðE‚°ˆ F¼‹Hù£˜, Üõó¶
õ£›ï£œ ð¬ìŠ¹‚èO¡ º‚Aòñ£ù ð°FJ¬ù 弫𣶋 îœO¬õˆ¶Mì º®ò£¶. «ñ½‹ îù¶ è¬ôˆFø¬ù
ÜHM¼ˆF ªêŒò Üõ˜ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê¡ø£˜, Üõ˜ ê£î£óíñ£è îù¶ ð¬öò «õ¬ôè¬÷ e‡´‹ ªêŒ¶ªè£‡«ì£
Ü™ô¶ ÜõŸP¬ù e‡´‹ ¹ì‹«ð£†´‚ªè£‡«ì£ Þ¼‚èM™¬ô. Üõ˜ îù¶ ðE‚° ¹Fò«î£˜ Üè¡ø ð£¬î
ܬñˆî£˜, Üõó¶ ܵ°º¬ø H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶õ¼‹ ñ£íõ î¬ôº¬øJù¼‚° AŸø£˜ Þ¬êJ¬ù ðJŸÁMŠð
ºŸÁ º¿õ¶‹ Þ¬êõ£ùõŸP¬ù  G¡ø¶.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒA¡ è¬ìC Ü™ðñ£ù "ÞQ¬ñ»‹ à‡¬ñ»‹" (
"Sweet
and Lowdown") å¼ õ¼ìˆFŸ° º¡ùó£è«õ ªõOò£AJ¼‰î¶.
Üõ˜ «ï£»Á‹ õ¬óJ™ ªî£ì˜‰¶ ²ŸÁŠðòíƒè¬÷ «ñŸªè£‡ì£˜,  Ìó£è¾‹ Üõ˜ èöèƒèO½‹
ñŸÁ‹ «îmóèƒèO½‹ ð¬öò ñŸÁ‹ ¹Fò 𣘬õò£÷˜ º¡Q¬ôJ™ ð£®ù£˜, ܈¶ì¡ èùì£ ñŸÁ‹
ä«ó£Šð£MŸ°‹ ªê¡Áõ‰î£˜.
õ£¡ ªó£ƒ eî£ù ñFŠ¹‹ «ï꺋 Üõ˜ ²èiùºŸP¼‰î«ð£¶ ªð¼ñ÷M™ ªõOŠð†ì¶.
Üõ˜ àì™ïôñŸÁ Þ¼‰î«ð£¶ Üõ¼‚è£è ÜFè â‡E‚¬èJô£ù GFf†´ è„«êKèœ ï죈îŠð†ìù. èì‰î
ïõ‹ð˜ ñ£îˆF™
Arlo Guthrie, Tom Paxton
ñŸÁ‹
Peter, Paul ñŸÁ‹
Mary GΫò£˜A¡
Bottom Line Þ™ îñ¶ ï‡ð¼‚è£è GF «êèK‚°‹ è„«êK
ï죈Fù˜.
Üî¡ º¡ùó£è, 1997 ®ê‹ðK™ õ£¡ ªó£ƒ ܪñK‚è Þ¬êðFõ£÷˜èœ, ð¬ìŠð£÷˜èœ,
ñŸÁ‹ ªõOf†ì£÷˜èœ êƒè‹ Üî£õ¶
ASCAP (American
Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers)
ÜOˆî õ£›¬è‚è£ô «ê¬õ‚è£ù M¼¬î (Lifetime
Achievement Award)
ªðŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£˜. ܉«ïóˆF™ M¼¶õöƒ°‹ G蛄C¬ò
î¬ô¬ñA ï죈Fò Christine Lavin
â¡ðõKù£™ ܬñ‚èŠð†ì Þ¬íòî÷ˆFŸ° Þõó¶ óCè˜èÀ‹
ñŸÁ‹ Þõ¬ó H¡ðŸÁ‹ ËŸÁ‚èí‚è£ù Þ¬ê‚ è¬ôë˜èÀ‹ õ£›ˆ¶„ ªêŒFè¬÷ ÜŠHJ¼‰îù˜.
«ìš õ£¡ ªó£ƒ- Þ¡ Þ¬ê ñóH¡ ñA¬ñ, Üõó¶ ðô ðF¾èO™ ñ£ˆFóñ™ô,
Üõ¬ó ⇵‹ ÝJóñ£Jó‹ àœ÷ƒèO½‹ «ñ½‹ Üõ˜ ªê™õ£‚°„ ªê½ˆFò c‡ì ðEJ¡ ªî£ì˜„CJ½‹
â¡Á‹ àJ˜õ£¿‹.
